Topic : - What is Research and its Characteristics
of Research.
Student’s name : - Makwana Jayshri D.
Roll no :- 14
URL :-makwanajayshri261011.blogspot.com
Semester :- 3
Batch :- 2010-11
Submitted to,
Dr. Dilip Barad
Department of English
Bhavnagar University.
Introduction:-
The genesis of research lies in the progress of human life. As man embarked upon the road to progress his curiosity to know the happenings around his surrounding became very intense. The saga of development of man from ancient times to modern era is the result of research. Superstitions and some traditional beliefs in ancient times were used to be wrongly ascribed to knowledge. Man guardedly came out of these beliefs by way of research and inclined towards scientific knowledge. This scientific knowledge is nothing but the outcome of research. Man from the very beginning strived to understand the nature and the universe. He also observed harmony every where in the universe and tried to find out the causal relationship underlying this harmony. This is how the beginning of scientific research was made. Initially inquiry into any matter or happening was used to be made by scientific method but there was lack of planning in making this inquiry. Much emphasis was given to experience of an individual to draw interences or conclusions from any happening in the nature or the universe without any cognizance of sufficient evidences or rational.
In the era of Aristotle and Greek philosophers new directions of research were opened up and foundations of scientific methods for research were established. Francis Bekom then made a strong plea for direct observation or experimentation. Initially deductive method of logic came into operation and later on inductive method of logic came into practice. In order to eliminate the imperfection of these methods, Charles Darwin suggested a new method known as deductive – inductive method by combining these two methods. This is how a new era of scientific method was started. Thus it can be said that the basis of scientific research lies in the implementation of deductive - methods of logic. The intensive use of scientific research was initially made in physics and later on it was extended natural sciences and social sciences.
Thus the scientific research has played a significant role for achieving human progress. The advances in research in the fields of physics, biology, social science and psychology have largely contributed to the creation of new knowledge, new invention and new ideas as well as new methodologies for carrying out further research. The modern research is not confined to laboratories only but has made strides in every field of human life. The scientific research has playing an important role in the progress and enrichment of education and educational research.
Verbal Meaning and Definition of Research:-
One can comprehend the meaning of research while undergoing the process of gaining experience of doing research by the way writing project report or Ph.D. thesis or dissertation on any topic of research. The use of research work of others by teachers in teaching a course, one can clearly understand the meaning of research. The dictionary meaning of research is construed as invention or investigation or formal study or scientific enquiry or discovery. The formal meaning of research is invention or scientific or scientific investigation or scientific enquiry to extract truth. Standards dictionaries describe research as “Endeavour to discover new ideas by scientific way”, or “A course of critical investigation”.
According to Advanced Learner’s Dictionary, research means “A careful investigation or investigation or inquiry especially through search for new facts in any branch of knowledge.”
In the meaning of “Research’ given above three words are important (1) Study (2) Invention (3) discovery. The last two words require special description.
Inverntion:-
Inverntion is the application of an idea or thinking something new. For example, a new machine or an instrument or a new way of doing a task.
Discovery:-
Discovery is an accidental, unintentional and unexpressed search for the first time without any problem.
Research: Research is nothing but a scientific study in order to discover new facts. It has a problem and deals with activities and solution. Research is a planned activity for solving a problem which is purposeful, interitional with respect to outcomes. Research is a systematic investigation of problem in order to establish facts and reach new conclusions.
Some interpretations of research given in English language support the above meaning of research and we cite the following quotations which provide a comprehensive meaning of research. “Research is endless quest for knowledge or understanding search for truth. It brings to light new knowledge or correct previous errors and misconceptions and ads in an orderly way to existing body of knowledge.”
“The knowledge gained by research is scientific and objectives and is a matter of rational understanding, common verification and experience”
Definitions of Research given by some well-know thinkers are given below:
(1)P.M. cook;
“Research is an honest, exhaustive and intelligent searching for facts and their meanings and implication with reference to a given problem.”
(2)J.W. Best (1993);
“Research is considered to be formal, systematic and intensive process of carrying on scientific method of analysis”. Research may be defined as systematic and objective analysis recording of controlled observation that may lead to the development of generalization of principles or theories, resulting in prediction and possibly ultimate control of events.
(3)George G. Mouly;
“A systematic and scholarly application of scientific method, interpreted in its broadest sense, to the solution of educational problems. Conversely, any systematic study designed to promote the development of education as a science can be considered as educational research.
(4) F.M. Kerlinger (1978);
“Scientific research is a systematic, controlled empirical and critical investigation of hypothetical proposition about the presumed relations among natural phenomena.”
Characteristics of Research:-
Some salient features and characteristics of research are stated below,
Research generates new knowledge.
Research is a skillful, systematic and accurate procedure of investigation.
Research is logical and objective.
Research is a sustaining and unhurried procedure of investigation.
Research endeavors to collect and organize data in quantitative terms.
Research requires courage and entrepreneurship.
Research is highly objective or purposive.
Research requires rigorous standards.
Research is a procedure of carefully representing and recording documents.
Research aims is extracting and generalizing common principles.
Research is meticulously planned.
Research requires perfect accuracy in collection, recording and analyzing the data.
Research requires neutral and unbiased approach.
Research is free from emotions.
Research is an objective process.
Research is verifiable and amenable to testing.
Research is an inquiry or investigation.
Research involves clearly defined parameters.
Research describes the problem.
Research explains and generalizes the problem under study and seeks its solution.
Research predicts the phenomenon under study.
Research is a critical, systematic and empirical inquiry conducted under controlled conditions.
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